Abstract: Vitreous surgery combined with epiretinal membrane (ERM),  internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling,  is commonly used in surgery\|related macular area. Emerging in recent years,  vital dye assisted the ERM / ILM peeling reduces the difficulty and risks related operations. Several kinds of dyes such as indocyanine green (ICG),  trypan blue (TB),  brilliant blue G (BBG),  triamcinolone acetonide (TA)are applicated in the vitreous surgery on vitreous or ERM/ILM staining. However,  researches show that all of the vital dyes on the retina assume potential toxicity and side effects,  while some of the dyes on the ILM / ERM staining are also unsatisfactory. (Int Rev Ophthalmol, 2014, 38: 199-203)